Estonia and Turkey

25.03.2010

• Visits and meetings
• Agreements
• Mutual Co-operation
• Economic Relations
• Culture and Education

Turkey recognised the Republic of Estonia on 23 January 1924. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were restored on 23 October 1991. Turkey never recognised the Soviet occupation of Estonia.

After the restoration of Estonia's independence, Turkey accredited its first Ambassador to Estonia, residing in Vilnius, in 1992. In October 2001, Turkey opened its Embassy in Tallinn. In the period 2001 - 2005 Turkey's Ambassador to Estonia was Ömer Altuğ – the first Turkish ambassador to reside in Estonia. From 15 December 2004 – 14 April 2009 the ambassador was Fatma Şule Soysal. The new Turkish Ambassador to Estonia is Mrs. Aysenur Alpaslan, who presented her credentials to President Ilves on 29 October 2009.

Sven Jürgenson became Estonia's first Ambassador to Turkey in June 1996, residing in Tallinn. Andres Tomasberg residing in Madrid, in January 1999, followed him. In February 2001, the Estonian Embassy in Ankara was opened, headed by Chargé d'Affaires a.i. Heikki Koort (until August 2003) and Linda Kolk (until July 2004). The first Estonian Ambassador residing in Ankara was Märt Volmer (2004-2008). The current Estonian Ambassador Aivo Orav presented his credentials to Turkish President Abdullah Gül in September 2008.

Estonia has three Honorary Consulates in Turkey. The first was opened in August 2001 in Istanbul (the jurisdiction includes the Marmara region), where Tuncay Özilhan is in office. The second was opened in October 2002 in the seaside resort Antalya, where the Honorary Consul is Ethem Okudur and in August 2003, the third Honorary Consulate was opened in Izmir, where the Honorary Consul is Esfer Baltali.

An Estonia-Turkey parliamentary group was formed in the X Riigikogu in June 2003, the chairman in the present Riigikogu is Evelyn Sepp.

In the Turkish National Assembly, there is a Turkey-Estonia parliamentary group led by Mrs. Özlem P. Türköne.

Visits and meetings of importance

Agreements

In 1924, an Estonian-Turkish Treaty of Friendship was signed. Six more agreements were signed from 1929-1938 between Turkey and Estonia.

To date, the two countries have entered into several agreements, which have helped establish successful bilateral co-operation between Estonia and Turkey. Currently there are fourteen agreements in force between Estonia and Turkey. The following lists the agreements that have entered into force between Estonia and Turkey:

1. Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation (came into force 26.04.1995);
2. Agreement on Trade and Economic Co-operation (came into force 15.02.1996);
3. International Road Transport Agreement (came into force 15.02.1996);
4. Agreement on Co-operation in the Field of Tourism (came into force 15.02.1996);
5. Agreement Concerning the Mutual Abolition of Visa Requirements for Holders of Diplomatic Passports (came into force 14.02.1997);
6. Agreement regarding Mutual Assistance between Customs Administrations (came into force 06.12.1998);
7. Agreement Concerning the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (came into force 29.04.1999);
8. Agreement on Co-operation in Culture, Education, Science and Sports (came into force 22.09.1999);
9. Agreement on Co-operation in the Fight Against International Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, International Terrorism and Organised Crime (came into force 27.09.2000);
10. Agreement on Defence (came into force 31.10.2002);
11. Agreement for the Protection of Classified Information (came into force 27.01.2003);
12. Agreement on Air Transport (came into force 27.09.2004);
13. Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital (came into force 21.02.2005)
14. Co-operation program in the field of culture, education, research, youth and sports (came into force 28.11.2005)
15. Agreement for the waiving of visa requirements for holders of Estonian passports (came into force 12.07.2008)

Mutual co-operation

The relations between Estonia and Turkey are very good and are developing stably. Continuous progress in political, defence, economic and cultural co-operation is essential to Estonia. Mutual understanding between Estonia and Turkey is enhanced by a geo-strategic similarity, similar positions on most international issues and constructive co-operation in international organisations.

The Foreign Ministries of Estonia and Turkey signed the Protocol on the Establishment of the Political Consultation Mechanism in June 1997. Proceeding from this protocol, meetings between the parties shall take place at least once a year.

On the initiative of the Turkish side, consular consultations aimed at achieving a visa facilitation agreement with Estonia were conducted in February 2005. On 20 October 2005, security policy consultations took place in Ankara.

Economic relations

On 9 March 2009, the first Estonia-Turkey information technology round table took place in Ankara.

Trade

Economic relations between Estonia and Turkey are good with stable development. Particularly rapid development occurred in trade with Turkey in the years 2004-2006 after Estonia’s accession to the European Union. In 2009 Turkey was Estonia’s 23rd trade partner in terms of total turnover (with 0.6% of total trade). Among export nations Turkey ranked in the 19th position (with 0.9% of exports) and as a sender of imports Turkey rose in the ranking to 26th place (with 0.3%). The trade balance with Turkey was positive (by about 34 million euros). Compared with 2007, Estonia’s trade with Turkey increased by about 26% in 2008, and compared with 2008 Estonia’s total trade with Turkey declined in 2009 by 2.3 times, export by 2.7 times and import by 1.6 times.

Source: Estonian Statistical Office

Main export articles in 2009:

• Metals and metal products - 81.2%
• Fur and fur products - 7%
• Transport vechicles - 2.7%
• Chemical products - 2.7%

Main import articles in 2009:

• Textiles and textile products - 36.2%
• Machinery and equipment - 19.3%
• Transport vechicles - 9%
• Metals and metal products - 8.2%
• Pearls, precious stones and jewellery - 7.1%

Compared with 2008 there were relatively few changes in the groups in 2009. The greatest change occurred in imported transportation vehicles, where the volume decreased from 22.5% to 9%, which was to be expected during the crisis.

Investments

Turkish investments in Estonia as well as Estonian investments in Turkey have so far been small. According to the Bank of Estonia, as of 31.12.2009 Turkey had made 1.9 million EUR of direct investments in Estonia. As of 6 February 2009, the Estonian Enterprises Register reported that there are 12 enterprises with Turkish participation registered in Estonia, 3 of which are 100% based on Turkish capital. The Turkish sweets manufacturer Güllüoğlu entered the Estonian market and opened their representation (shop) in Tallinn in November of 2009.

As of 31.12.2009 Estonian direct investments in Turkey are at 2.4 million EUR. For the most part, private individuals have invested in Turkish real estate.

Tourism

At the period preceding the accession to the European Union the number of Turkish tourists visiting Estonia grew from year to year, at the same time their number was relatively small. Interest towards Estonia has grown after EU membership. As to the number of tourists staying overnight, Turkey is still among European countries with a smaller share: in 2008 2861 and in 2009 2745 Turkish tourists stayed overnight in Estonian accommodations with overnight stays in 2008 5877 and in 2009 6332. The majority of Turkish tourists stay in Tallinn.

For Estonians, Turkey is significantly more popular as a travel destination, due to Turkey’s geographic location and warm climate. In 2008 22 000 and in 2009 27 400 Estonians visited Turkey via travel agencies. However, many Estonians also travel to Turkey independently, or with travel companies based in other countries. On the average a trip to Turkey lasts for 8 days.

Culture and education

A Culture, Education, Science and Sports Agreement was signed in 1994 and came into force in September 1999. The agreement is the foundation for actual co-operation between the two countries in these fields.

Primarily, the writers/translators Ly Seppel, Andres Ehin and Ain Kaalep have fostered the publishing of Turkish literature in Estonia. The publication of Turkey's most famous contemporary prose writer Yaşar Kemal's "To Kill the Snake" and the Turkish 20th century collection of poetry "The Night of the Stag" received a contribution from the Turkish Embassy. In 1999, the periodical "Akadeemia" dedicated a special issue to Turkey.

Turkish has been taught at the University of Tartu since 1993. In 1998, on the initiative of the Turkish Ambassador Erkan Gezer, a Turkish-language section was opened at the University of Tartu, financed by the Embassy. An agreement is being prepared between the University of Tartu and Bilkent University in which an emphasis will be put on the exchange of students, scientists and lecturers.
In 2000, President Lennart Meri recognized the work of the rector of Bilkent University, Professor Ihsan Doğramacı, awarding him the Cross of Terra Mariana.

Turkish has been offered at the Tallinn University since 1993. The Turkish Embassy in Vilnius provided the required study material. In 1997, President Süleyman Demirel inaugurated the Tallinn University's Turkish-language section, whose costs are covered by the Turkish Embassy. The same year the university’s Oriental Centre was opened, where Turkish and related languages are taught. Visitors to the centre can also familiarise themselves with Turkish culture and history. The year 2000 saw the start of an Oriental bachelor with Turkish as the main subject. The Turkish Culture Society is also based at Tallinn University, founded in 1995 by Ly Seppel, Andres Ehin et al.

From 24.04 to 17.05.2006 in Tallinn, Turkish cultural days took place on the initiative of the Turkish Embassy and Turkey-Estonia-Latvia-Lithuania Friendship Association. In the framework thereof, a gala dinner along with Ayla Eryüksel’s fashion show “3H” "Woman’s Jorney from the Hittites to Present" was arranged, in addition in the National Library an exhibition was unveiled: "Living together: Memories of co-existence in the Ottoman and Turkish period". At the Estonia Concert Hall sisters Ferhan ja Ferzan Önder performed a piano duo "1001 nights", at the National Opera "Estonia" a concert of Sufi music and whirling dervishes took place. Also Anikya Iznik’s art of tiles and Hikmet Barutucugil's "Ebru" art (figurative marbled images on paper) were presented.

On 3 March 2008, Turkish Ambassador to Estonia Fatma Sule Sovsal and Foreign Minister Urmas Paet opened the exhibit “They Believed in Turkey” ("Nad uskusid Türgisse") in the National Library.

On 14 March 2008 Estonian Prime Minister Andrus Ansip opened a comprehensive exhibit on Estonian design entitled “Design Comes to Visit” (“Disain tuleb külla”) in the Istanbul cultural and trade centre IstinyePark.

On 16 March 2008, the first ski marathon to be held in the Anatolian mountains in Gerede, Turkey took place. It was organised on the initiative of the Estonian Embassy and Prime Minister Andrus Ansip was among the participants.

On 28 April 2008, Turkish Ambassador Fatma Sule Sovsal opened a photo exhibit by the former Turkish diplomat Erkut Onart in the National Library entitled “Turkey – The land where nature, man and culture meet” ("Türgi - maa, kus kohtuvad loodus, inimene ja kultuur"). The author of the photos was also present at the opening.

On 11 June 2008 Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet, Turkish Foreign Minister Ali Babacan and Ambassador Fatma Sule Sovsal opened the photo exhibit by Turkish diplomat Nur Sagman entitled “Happy Anniversary Year, Estonia!” ("Head juubeliaastat, Eesti!") in the National Library.

On 3 July 2008, during the International Paide Limestone Days, the world-famous Turkish military ensemble Mehter kicked off their Estonian tour in the centre square of Paide. They gave three concerts in Estonia. On 22 September 2008 the exhibit “Turkish popular architecture in the Black Sea region” ("Türgi rahvalik arhitektuur musta mere piirkonnas"), which was compiled by the Milli Reasüran art gallery in Istanbul, was opened in the salt storeroom basement hall of Rotermanni.

On 9 October 2008 Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves and Turkish President Abdullah Gül opened an exhibit showing the relations between Estonia and Turkey in the National Library. The extensive history and document exhibit filled with photos and archival material was a comparative look back at the development of the independence of the two nations and the creation of joint diplomatic relations in 1924, when a friendship and co-operation agreement between Turkey and Estonia was signed. In 1935 a Turkish Embassy was established in Tallinn. A thorough chronology of the development of Estonia-Turkey relations was compiled. The exposition included political, economic and cultural relations, as well as Estonians in Turkeys and Turks in Estonia.

On 20 October 2008 the exhibit “Turkey’s colours and threads. Gönül Paksoy’s timeless clothing design” ("Türgi värvid ja lõimed. Gönül Paksoy ajatu rõivadisain") at the Mikkeli Museum in Kadriorg.

In November of 2008 a selection of Estonia puppet films was shows at the Kars Film Festival, and Rao Heidmets’s new film “Inherent Obligations” participated in the competition programme.

In the second week of February 2009 the 11th Winter Dance Festival took place in Viljandi, and the theme was the return to one’s roots. A Turkish dance troupe participated.

In February of 2009 a soloist from the Ankara National Opera Theatre, Senol Talinli, sang one of the lead roles in Verdi’s opera “Masked Ball”, and in April at the European premier of composer Arvo Pärt’s fourth symphony the Helsinki City Orchestra was conducted by Turkish conductor Cem Mansur.

On 8 March 2009 the second ski marathon took place in Turkey thanks to the initiative of the Estonian Embassy with the honorary consuls; the guest of honour was Vice-Speaker of the Riigikogu Kristiina Ojuland.

On 4 October 2009 Estonian Ambassador to Turkey Aivo Orav, Tartu University rector Alar Karis, and governor of Ağrı County Mehmet Çetin opened an exhibit in Ishak Pasha Palace at the foot of Mount Ararat (Ağrı Dağı or Agri Mountain) in the region of Ağri in Eastern Turkey to celebrate 180 years since the conquering of Mount Ararat. On 9 October 1829, the first person ever to reach the peak of the legendary Mount Ararat was Johann Jakob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot (1792 – 1841), Tartu University physics professor and later rector. To commemorate the event, a group of about 60 mountain climbers from Estonia, Turkey, Iran, Greece and Poland ascended to the top of Ararat on 9 October 2009.

An Estonian delegation, led by chairman of the Riigikogu cultural commission P. Kreitzberg, attended the opening of Istanbul Capital of Culture 2010 on 16 January 2010.

On 7 February 2010 the Estonian Embassy in co-operation with the Anatolia Marathon Association and Bolu Province organised an exciting cross-country skiing festival, where Foreign Ministry Secretary General Marten Kokk also participated.